Tuesday 30 October 2012

Play Chess-It will improve your Brain's Skill



CHESS::RULES::


INITIAL POSITION

initial position You see the initial position . Each side has 1 King, 1 Queen, 2 Rooks, 2 Bishops, 2 Knights and 8 pawns. The chessboard must be placed between the players in such a way that the near corner square to the right of the player is white.
White commences the game. Your aim is to checkmate ( capture ) your opponent's King.


CHECKMATE

check mate After you threat your opponent's king , if your opponent can't find any appropriate square to escape his king or can't capture the attacking piece or place another piece between his king and the attacker , he is checkmated.


CAPTURE


When you move your piece properly to a square occupied by an opponent's piece , you capture this piece . Captured piece is now out of the chessboard.


The KING

move of the king The most important chess piece is the king because if your king is captured , you lose the game.
The king can move one square in any direction that is not attacked by an opponent’s piece. If it is attacked by an opponent’s piece , it is in check.
Castling


The king has a special move done with the rook. It is called castling. For the short and long castling see castling page.


The QUEEN

the move of the queen The Queen can move any number of squares horizontally, vertically, or diagonally . It can't move over the pieces.


The ROOK

the move of the rook The Rook can move any number of squares horizontally or vertically . It can't move over the pieces.


The BISHOP

the move of the bishop The Bishop can move any number of squares diagonally . It can't jump over the pieces.


The KNIGHT

the move of the knight The Knight's move is as a letter "L" .
1- It moves two squares horizontally and one square ahead or backward
2- It moves two squares vertically and one square left or right.
Only the Knight can jump over the other pieces.


The PAWN

the move of the pawn


before the promotion after the promotion
The pawn always moves ahead. It moves one square but every pawn has right to move 2 squares ahead if it is first move .
The pawn captures diagonally , but only 1 square ahead.



Pawn promotion :

If a pawn reaches the rank furthest at the opponent side , it is promoted to Queen ,Rook, Knight or Bishop . It cannot become a King or a pawn .


En passant


The pawn has a special move : en passant. For a detailed explanation click for en passant  page.


The DRAWN

stalemate The player has no legal move to do while his king is not in check. This is stalemate and the game is drawn.

Other conditions for the drawn:
- Both of the player can not checkmate the opponent's king
- Players agree on the drawn during the game.
- Any identical position is about to appear or has appeared on the chessboard at least three times.
- If each player has made the last 50 consecutive moves without the movement of any pawn and without the capture of any piece.


A player who draws his game scores 1/2 point. A player who wins scores 1 point, a player who loses has 0 point.

      


  •  TO PLAY CHESS ONLINE for free,
 CLICK HERE 

Monday 22 October 2012

படித்ததில் பிடித்தது



  • இறைவன் கையில் நான் ஒரு பென்சில் மட்டுமே.எழுதுவதெல்லாம் அந்த ஆண்டவன்தான். இந்தப் பென்சிலுக்கு எந்த பெருமையும் இல்லை

                       -------அன்னை தெரசா
  • உலகில் ஒருவனது அறிவின் நல் அடையாளம் அவன் உள்ளத்தில் உருவாகும் கேள்விகளே

                                  -வால்டேர்
  • சிந்தனை மரத்தில்தான் கேள்விப்பூக்கள் சிரிக்கின்றன.

  • உலகில் அனைத்துக் கேள்விகளுக்கும் விடை காண முடியாது

                                 --------புத்தர்
  • முட்டாளுக்கு எதுவுமே தெரியாது.                                    அரைகுறை அறிவாளிக்கு அனைத்தும் தவறாகவே புரியும்.

  • வாழ்க்கை நதிக்கு சுகமும் சோகமும்தான் இரு கரைகள்
  • முள்ளை விதைப்பது மனமே                                  மலரைச் சொரிவதும் மனமே
  • கண்ணுக்கு அழகு எதுவரை..கையில் கிடைக்கும் நாள்வரை
  • மதியால் விதியை ஆராய்ச்சி செய்யலாம். ஆனால் ஆட்சி செய்ய  முடியாது   -------------------------------கண்ணதாசன்
  • நினைவின்றி மனம் போடும் முடிச்சுகள் அவிழ்க்க முடியாதவை
     காலியாக இரு அப்போதுதான் நீ நிரம்பி இருப்பாய்

     தூங்கையிலே விடுகிற மூச்சு சுழிமாறிப்போனாலும் போச்சு

  • ஒவ்வொரு ஆசைக்குப் பின்னாலும் ஒரு துன்பம் தொடர்கிறது
     எளிமையாக வாழ்பவருக்கு சிக்கனமே சீதனம்

     வாழ்வே தவமானால் நிறைவே வரமாகும்

  • மௌனத்தில்தான் மனம் பேசும்விலங்குக்கும் பறவைக்கும் சிரிக்கத்தெரியாது..ஆனால் அவை அன்றாடம் அழுவது கிடையாது
  • சின்னஞ்சிறு விஷயங்களே சம்பூரணத்தை உருவாக்குகின்றன சம்பூரணம் சின்னஞ்சிறு விஷயமில்லை
  • மனிதரின் மனம்போல் மண்ணில் வாழ்க்கை 
  • நிறைய வேலை செய்யாதீர்கள்-ஆனால்                                                       நிறைவாக வேலை செய்யுங்கள்.                              குறைவாக வேலை செய்யுங்கள்-ஆனால்              குறையில்லாமல் வேலை செய்யுங்கள்.
  • வாழ்வே தவம்..வலிகளே வரம்.
  • சிறைப்படுத்தும் கதவுதான்.விடுதலையாக்கும் வாசல்                                நீ கைதியா? சுதந்திரமானவனா?                                                                      கதவின் எந்த பக்கம்                                                                                               நிற்பதென்ற தீர்ப்பை                                                                                                         நீ அல்லவா எழுத வேண்டும்.
  • வாழ்க்கையின் வளர்ச்சிக்குத் தேவை.ஒழுக்கம் பற்றிய பாடங்கள் அல்ல. தடுமாற்றம் இல்லாத கவனம், முழுமையான விழிப்புணர்வு. 
  • எந்த செயலுமே சுலபமாவதற்கு முன்  கடினமாக இருக்கிறது.
  • முயலும் வரை முயல்வதல்ல முயற்சி.                                                    முடியும் வரை முயல்வதே வெற்றி.
  • புதிய செயல்களை செய்யத் துணியும் போது                                              இந்த உலகம் முதலில் உன்னை                                                                      ஏளனம் செய்யும்.பின்பு உன்னை எதிர்த்து  நிற்கும்.                              அதன் பின் உன் வெற்றிகளைக்                                                                             கண்டு உன்னைப் பின்பற்றும்.

8th Semester



SEMESTER VIII
(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic year 2010–2011 onwards)
Code No. Course Title L T P C
THEORY
E05 Elective V 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
10144EC801 Project Work 0 0 12 6
TOTAL 6 0 12 12

E04 Elective IV :

10144ECE41 Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 3
10144ECE42 Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility 3 0 0 3
10144ECE43 Automotive Electronics 3 0 0 3
10144ECE44 Television and Video Engineering 3 0 0 3
10144ECE45 Nano Electronics 3 0 0 3
10144ECE46 Avionics 3 0 0 3

SEMESTER VIII – Elective V (E05)
Code No. Course Title L T P C
10144ECE51 Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 3 0 0 3
10144ECE52 Satellite Communication 3 0 0 3
10144ECE53 Mobile Adhoc Networks 3 0 0 3
10144ECE54 Wireless Sensor Networks 3 0 0 3
10144ECE55 Remote Sensing 3 0 0 3
10144ECE56 Optical Networks 3 0 0 3
10144ECE57 Wireless Networks 3 0 0 3
10144ECE58 Telecommunication Switching and Networks 3 0 0 3


10144ECE41 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS 9
Elements of digital image processing systems, Vidicon and Digital Camera working
principles, Elements of visual perception, brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, mach
band effect, Color image fundamentals - RGB, HSI models, Image sampling,
Quantization, dither, Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries, 2D transforms -
DFT, DCT, KLT, SVD.
UNIT II IMAGE ENHANCEMENT 9
Histogram equalization and specification techniques, Noise distributions, Spatial
averaging, Directional Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean,
Contraharmonic mean filters, Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement.
UNIT III IMAGE RESTORATION 9
Image Restoration - degradation model, Unconstrained restoration - Lagrange multiplier
and Constrained restoration, Inverse filtering-removal of blur caused by uniform linear
motion, Wiener filtering, Geometric transformations-spatial transformations.
UNIT IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION 9                                          
Edge detection, Edge linking via Hough transform – Thresholding - Region based
segmentation – Region growing – Region splitting and Merging – Segmentation by
morphological watersheds – basic concepts – Dam construction – Watershed
segmentation algorithm.
UNIT V IMAGE COMPRESSION 9
Need for data compression, Huffman, Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic
coding, Vector Quantization, Transform coding, JPEG standard, MPEG.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, , Digital Image Processing', Pearson ,
Second Edition, 2004.
2. Anil K. Jain, , Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing', Pearson 2002.
REFERENCES:
1. Kenneth R. Castleman, Digital Image Processing, Pearson, 2006.
2. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Steven Eddins,' Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB', Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
3. D,E. Dudgeon and RM. Mersereau, , Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing',
Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 1990.
4. William K. Pratt, , Digital Image Processing' , John Wiley, New York, 2002
5. Milan Sonka et aI, 'IMAGE PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND MACHINE
VISION', Brookes/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, 2nd edition, 1999,
10144ECE42 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY
L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS 9
Definition of EMI and EMC with examples, Classification of EMI/EMC - CE, RE, CS, RS,
Units of Parameters, Sources of EMI, EMI coupling modes - CM and DM, ESD
Phenomena and effects, Transient phenomena and suppression.
UNIT II EMI MEASUREMENTS 9
Basic principles of RE, CE, RS and CS measurements, EMI measuring instruments-
Antennas, LISN, Feed through capacitor, current probe, EMC analyzer and detection
t6echnique open area site, shielded anechoic chamber, TEM cell.
UNIT III EMC STANDARD AND REGULATIONS 8
National and Intentional standardizing organizations- FCC, CISPR, ANSI, DOD, IEC,
CENEEC, FCC CE and RE standards, CISPR, CE and RE Standards, IEC/EN, CS
standards, Frequency assignment - spectrum conversation.
UNIT IV EMI CONTROL METHODS AND FIXES 10
Shielding, Grounding, Bonding, Filtering, EMI gasket, Isolation transformer, opto isolator.
UNIT V EMC DESIGN AND INTERCONNECTION TECHNIQUES 9
Cable routing and connection, Component selection and mounting, PCB design- Trace
routing, Impedance control, decoupling, Zoning and grounding
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Prasad Kodali.V – Engineering Electromagnetic Compatibility – S.Chand&Co – New
Delhi – 2000
2. Clayton R.Paul – Introduction to Electromagnetic compatibility – John Wiley & Sons
– 1992
REFERENCES
1. Keiser – Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility – Artech House – 3rd Edition –
1994
2. Donwhite Consultant Incorporate – Handbook of EMI / EMC – Vol I - 1985
10144ECE43 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT – I - SENSORS AND ACTIVATIONS 9
Introduction – Types of Sensors – Pressure Sensors – Linear and Angle Position Sensors –
Flow Sensors – Temperature, Heat and Humidity Sensors – Exhaust gas sensors – Speed and
Acceleration Sensors – Engine Knock and Torques Sensors – Activators
 Working Principle – Diagram – Expiation is sufficient.
 No neet for performance analysis, factors effecting, the sensor, Characteristic study.
UNIT – II - CONTROL SYSTEM 9
Introduction – Automotive Microcontrollers – Engine Control – Transmission Control –
Cruise Control - Suspension Control - Steering Control – Lighting Wipers, Air Conditioning
Control.
UNIT – III CONTROL SYSTEM 9
Introduction – Panel Display – Passenger Safety and Convenience System – Keyless – Entry
and Antitheft system – Audio System – Multiplex Wiring System.
UNIT – IV ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY 9
Introduction – SAE and EMC Standards – IEEE Standard Related to EMC, Electromagnetic
Environment, Compatibility – Noise Propagation Modes, Cabling and components Punted
Circuit Boand Check List, IC Decoupling, IC Process Affects.
UNIT – V 9
Introduction – Otjely Definition, Collision warning and Avoidance Methods – Adaptive
Cruise Control – Navigation AIDS, Driver Information System – Intelligent Transportation –
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle – Noise Cancellation – Digital Vehicle.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOK
Ronald K. Jurgan, “Automative Electronics Hand Book”, Mcgran Hill Professional, 2nd
edition.ISBN :- 10:0070344532 ISBN :- 13:978-0070344532
REFERENCE BOOK:
1.William Robbens, “Understanding Automotive Electronic”, Newnes publisher, 6th Edition.
2002 ISBN – 10 : 0750675993 ISBH - 13 : 978 – 0750675994.
2.Jack Eviavee,” Automotive Techology: A System Approach”, Engage learning, 5th edition,
2009.ISBN – 10 : 142831149 1 ISBN – 13 : 978 -142811497.
10144ECE44 TELEVISION AND VIDEO ENGINEERING L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF TELEVISION 9
Aspect ratio-Image continuity-Number of scanning lines-Interlaced scanning-Picture
resolution-Camera tubes-Image Orthicon-Vidicon- Plumbicon- Silicon Diode Array Vidicon-
Solid-state Image scanners- Monochrome picture tubes- Composite video signal- video signal
dimension-horizontal sync. Composition-vertical sync. Detailsfunctions of vertical pulse train-
Scanning sequence details. Picture signal transmissionpositive and negative modulation- VSB
transmission- Sound signal transmission- Standard channel bandwidth.
UNIT II MONOCHROME TELEVISION TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER 9
TV transmitter-TV signal Propagation- Interference- TV Transmission Antennas-
Monochrome TV receiver- RF tuner- UHF, VHF tuner-Digital tuning techniques-AFT-IF
subsystems-AGC Noise cancellation-Video and Sound inter-carrier detection-Vision IF
subsystem- DC re-insertion-Video amplifier circuits-Sync operation- typical sync processing
circuits-Deflection current waveforms, Deflection oscillators- Frame deflection circuitsrequirements-
Line deflection circuits-EHT generation-Receiver antennas.
UNIT III ESSENTIALS OF COLOUR TELEVISION 9
Compatibility- Colour perception-Three colour theory- Luminance, Hue and saturation-
Colour television cameras-Values of luminance and colour difference signals-Colour
television display tubes-Delta-gun Precision-in-line and Trinitron colour picture tubes-
Purity and convergence- Purity and static and Dynamic convergence adjustments- Pincushioncorrection
techniques-Automatic degaussing circuit- Gray scale trackingcolour signal
transmission- Bandwidth-Modulation of colour difference signals-Weighting factors-
Formation of chrominance signal.
UNIT IV COLOUR TELEVISION SYSTEMS 9
NTSC colour TV systems-SECAM system- PAL colour TV systems- Cancellation of phase
errors-PAL-D Colour system-PAL coder-PAL-Decoder receiver-Chromo signal amplifierseparation
of U and V signals-colour burst separation-Burst phase Discriminator-ACC
mplifier-Reference Oscillator-Ident and colour killer circuits-U and V demodulators- Colour
signal matrixing. Sound in TV
UNIT V ADVANCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS 9
Satellite TV technology-Geo Stationary Satellites-Satellite Electronics-Domestic Broadcast
System-Cable TV-Cable Signal Sources-Cable Signal Processing, Distribution & Scrambling-
Video Recording-VCR Electronics-Video Home Formats- Video Disc recording and
playback-DVD Players-Tele Text Signal coding and broadcast receiver- Digital television-
Transmission and reception –Projection television-Flat panel display TV receivers-LCD and
Plasma screen receivers-3DTV-EDTV.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXTBOOKS
1. R.R.Gulati, “Monochrome Television Practice, Principles, Technology and servicing.”
Third Edition 2006, New Age International (P) Publishers.
2. R.R.Gulati, Monochrome & Color Television, New Age International Publisher, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. A.M Dhake, “Television and Video Engineering”, 2nd ed., TMH, 2003.
2. R.P.Bali, Color Television, Theory and Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1994
10144ECE45 NANO ELECTRONICS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY 9
Background to nanotechnology: Types of nanotechnology and nanomachines – periodic
table – atomic structure – molecules and phases – energy – molecular and atomic size –
surface and dimensional space – top down and bottom up; Molecular Nanotechnology:
Electron microscope – scanning electron microscope – atomic force microscope – scanning
tunnelling microscope – nanomanipulator – nanotweezers – atom manipulation – nanodots –
self assembly – dip pen nanolithography. Nanomaterials: preparation – plasma arcing –
chemical vapor deposition – sol-gels – electrodeposition – ball milling – applications of
nanomaterials;
UNIT II FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOELECTRONICS 9
Fundamentals of logic devices:- Requirements – dynamic properties – threshold gates;
physical limits to computations; concepts of logic devices:- classifications – two terminal
devices – field effect devices – coulomb blockade devices – spintronics – quantum
cellular automata – quantum computing – DNA computer; performance of information
processing systems;- basic binary operations, measure of performance processing
capability of biological neurons – performance estimation for the human brain. Ultimate
computation:- power dissipation limit – dissipation in reversible computation – the
ultimate computer.
UNIT III SILICON MOSFETs & QUANTUM TRANSPORT DEVICES 9
Silicon MOSFETS - Novel materials and alternate concepts:- fundamentals of MOSFET
Devices- scaling rules – silicon-dioxide based gate dielectrics – metal gates – junctions
& contacts – advanced MOSFET concepts.
Quantum transport devices based on resonant tunneling:- Electron tunneling – resonant
tunneling diodes – resonant tunneling devices; Single electron devices for logic
applications:- Single electron devices – applications of single electron devices to logic
circuits.
UNIT IV CARBON NANOTUBES 9
Carbon Nanotube: Fullerenes - types of nanotubes – formation of nanotubes –
assemblies – purification of carbon nanotubes – electronic propertics – synthesis of
carbon nanotubes – carbon nanotube interconnects – carbon nanotube FETs –
Nanotube for memory applications – prospects of an all carbon nanotube nanoelectronics.
UNIT V MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS 9
Electrodes & contacts – functions – molecular electronic devices – first test systems –
simulation and circuit design – fabrication; Future applications: MEMS – robots – random
access memory – mass storage devices.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXTBOOKS
1. Michael Wilson, Kamali Kannangara, Geoff Smith, Michelle Simmons and Burkhard
Raguse, Nanotechnology: Basic Science and Emerging Technologies, Chapman &
Hall / CRC, 2002
2. T. Pradeep, NANO: The Essentials – Understanding Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, TMH, 2007
3. Rainer Waser (Ed.), Nanoelectronics and Information Technology: Advanced
Electronic Materials and Novel Devices, Wiley-VCH, 2003
10144ECE46 AVIONICS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Introduction to aircraft – Axes system – Parts, importance and role of Avionics – systems
which interface directly with pilot – Aircraft state sensor systems – Navigation systems –
External world sensor systems – task automation systems. Avionics architecture
evolution. Avionics Data buses - MIL STD 1553, ARINC 429, ARINC 629.
UNIT II RADIO NAVIGATION 9
Types of Radio Navigation – ADF, DME, VOR, LORAN, DECCA, OMEGA. ILS, MLS
UNIT III INERTIAL AND SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS 9
Inertial sensors – Gyroscopes, Accelerometers, Inertial navigation systems – Block
diagram, Platform and strap down INS. Satellite Navigation - GPS
UNIT IV AR DATA SYSTEMS AND AUTOPILOT 9
Air data quantities – Altitude, Airspeed, Mach no., Vertical speed, Total Air temperature,
Stall warning, Altitude warning. Autopilot – basic principles – longitudinal and lateral
autopilot.
UNIT V IRCRAFT DISPLAYS 9
Display technologies – LED, LCD, CRT, Flat Panel Display. Primary Flight parameter
displays - Head Up Display, Helmet Mounted Display, Night vision goggles, Head Down
Display, MFD, MFK, Virtual cockpit.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Albert Helfrick. D, ‘Principles of Avionics’, Avionics communications Inc., 2004
2. Collinson, R.P.G, ‘Introduction to Avionics’, Chapman and Hall, 1996.
REFERENCES:
1. Middleton, D.H, ‘Avionics Systems’, Longman Scientific and Technical, Longman
Group UK Ltd, England, 1989.
2. Spitzer, C.R. ‘Digital Avionics Systems’, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA
1993.
3. Spitzer, C.R, ‘The Avionics Handbook’, CRC Press, 2000.
4. Pallet, E.H.J, ‘Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems’, Longman Scientific
10144ECE51 PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS
L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I : Pattern Classification : 9
Overview of Pattern Recognition – Decision functions – Supervised and
Unsupervised pattern classifications – Pattern classification by distance
functions – cluster seeking – Statistical decision making.
UNIT II : Syntactic Pattern Recognition : 9
Concepts of formal language theory – Formulation of the syntactic pattern
Recognition problem – Recognition grammars – Syntactic Pattern description –
Statistical considerations – Learning and Grammtical Inference.
UNIT III : Pattern Preprocessing and Feature selection : 9
Distance measures – clustering transformations and feature ordering – Feature
selection through Entropy minimization – Feature selection through orthogonal
expansions – Functional approximations – Binary feature selection.
UNIT IV : Processing of Waves and Images : 9
Gray level scaling transformations – Equalization – Geometric Image scaling
and Interpolation – Smoothing transformations – Edge detection – Laplacian and
Sharpening operators – Line detection and template matching – Statistical
significance of Image features.
UNIT V : Image Analysis : 9
Scene segmentation and Labeling – Counting objects – Perimeter measyrement –
Following and Representing boundaries – Projections – Hough transforms –
Line fitting – Shapes of regions – Morphological operations – Image sequences
– Cardiac Blood Pool Image Sequence Analysis.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXTBOOK :
1.Tou and Gonzalez, “ Pattern Recognition Principles”, Wesley publication
company,London,1974.
2. Earl Gose, Richard Johnson Baugh and Steve Jost, “ Pattern Recognition and
Image Analysis”, PHI,2002.
10144ECE52 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I SATELLITE ORBITS 9
Kepler’s Laws, Newton’s law, orbital parameters, orbital perturbations, station keeping,
geo stationary and non Geo-stationary orbits – Look Angle Determination- Limits of
visibility –eclipse-Sub satellite point –Sun transit outage-Launching Procedures -
launch vehicles and propulsion.
UNIT II SPACE SEGMENT AND SATELLITE LINK DESIGN 11
Spacecraft Technology- Structure, Primary power, Attitude and Orbit control, Thermal
control and Propulsion, communication Payload and supporting subsystems, Telemetry,
Tracking and command. Satellite uplink and downlink Analysis and Design, link budget,
E/N calculation- performance impairments-system noise, inter modulation and interference,
Propagation Characteristics and Frequency considerations- System reliability and design
lifetime.
UNIT III SATELLITE ACCESS 10
Modulation and Multiplexing: Voice, Data, Video, Analog – digital transmission system,
Digital video Brocast, multiple access: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Assignment Methods,
Spread Spectrum communication, compression – encryption
UNIT IV EARTH SEGMENT 8
Earth Station Technology-- Terrestrial Interface, Transmitter and Receiver, Antenna
Systems TVRO, MATV, CATV, Test Equipment Measurements on G/T, C/No, EIRP,
Antenna Gain.
UNIT V SATELLITE APPLICATIONS 10
INTELSAT Series, INSAT, VSAT, Mobile satellite services: GSM, GPS, INMARSAT,
LEO, MEO, Satellite Navigational System. Direct Broadcast satellites (DBS)- Direct to
home Broadcast (DTH), Digital audio broadcast (DAB)- Worldspace services, Business
TV(BTV), GRAMSAT, Specialized services – E –mail, Video conferencing, Internet
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dennis Roddy, ‘Satellite Communication’, McGraw Hill International, 4th Edition,
2006.
2. Wilbur L. Pritchard, Hendri G. Suyderhoud, Robert A. Nelson, ‘Satellite
Communication Systems Engineering’, Prentice Hall/Pearson, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. N.Agarwal, ‘Design of Geosynchronous Space Craft, Prentice Hall, 1986.
2. Bruce R. Elbert, ‘The Satellite Communication Applications’ Hand Book, Artech
House Bostan London, 1997.
3. Tri T. Ha, ‘Digital Satellite Communication’, II edition, 1990.
4. G.B.Bleazard, ‘ Introducing Satellite communications NCC Publication, 1985.
5. M.Richharia, ‘Satellite Communication Systems-Design Principles”,
Macmillan 2003
10144ECE53 MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Introduction to adhoc networks – definition, characteristics features, applications.
Charectristics of Wireless channel, Adhoc Mobility Models:- Indoor and out door
models.
UNIT II MEDIUM ACCESS PROTOCOLS 9
MAC Protocols: design issues, goals and classification. Contention based protocols- with
reservation, scheduling algorithms, protocols using directional antennas. IEEE
standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.15. HIPERLAN.
UNIT III NETWORK PROTOCOLS 9
Routing Protocols: Design issues, goals and classification. Proactive Vs reactive routing,
Unicast routing algorithms, Multicast routing algorithms, hybrid routing algorithm, Energy
aware routing algorithm, Hierarchical Routing, QoS aware routing.
UNIT IV END-END DELIVERY AND SECURITY 9
Transport layer : Issues in desiging- Transport layer classification, adhoc transport
protocols. Security issues in adhoc networks: issues and challenges, network security
attacks, secure routing protocols.
UNIT V CROSS LAYER DESIGN AND INTEGRATION OF ADHOC FOR 4G 9
Cross layer Design: Need for cross layer design, cross layer optimization, parameter
optimization techniques, Cross layer cautionary prespective. Intergration of adhoc with
Mobile IP networks.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXTBOOKS
1. C.Siva Ram Murthy and B.S.Manoj, Ad hoc Wireless Networks Architectures and
protocols, 2nd edition, Pearson Education. 2007
2. Charles E. Perkins, Ad hoc Networking, Addison – Wesley, 2000
REFERENCES:
1. Stefano Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano and Ivan stojmenovic, Mobilead hoc
networking, Wiley-IEEE press, 2004.
2. Mohammad Ilyas, The handbook of adhoc wireless networks, CRC press, 2002.
3. T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V. Davies “A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network
Research,” Wireless Commun. and Mobile Comp., Special Issue on Mobile Ad Hoc
Networking Research, Trends and Applications, vol. 2, no. 5, 2002, pp. 483–502.
4. A survey of integrating IP mobility protocols and Mobile Ad hoc networks, Fekri M.
Abduljalil and Shrikant K. Bodhe, IEEE communication Survey and tutorials, v 9.no.1
2007
5. V.T.Raisinhani and S.Iyer “Cross layer design optimization in wireless protocol
stacks”Comp. communication, vol 27 no. 8, 2004.
6. V.T.Raisinhani and S.Iyer,ӃCLAIR; An Efficient Cross-Layer Architecture for wireless
protocol stacks”,World Wireless cong., San francisco,CA,May 2004.
7. V.Kawadia and P.P.Kumar,”A cautionary perspective on Cross-Layer design,”IEEE
Wireless commn., vol 12, no 1,2005.
10144ECE54 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 8
Challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks, Enabling Technologies For Wireless Sensor
Networks.
UNIT II ARCHITECTURES 9
Single-Node Architecture - Hardware Components, Energy Consumption of Sensor
Nodes , Operating Systems and Execution Environments, Network Architecture -
Sensor Network Scenarios, Optimization Goals and Figures of Merit, Gateway
Concepts.
UNIT III NETWORKING SENSORS 10
Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Considerations, MAC Protocols for Wireless
Sensor Networks, Low Duty Cycle Protocols And Wakeup Concepts - S-MAC , The
Mediation Device Protocol, Wakeup Radio Concepts, Address and Name Management,
Assignment of MAC Addresses, Routing Protocols- Energy-Efficient Routing,
Geographic Routing.
UNIT IV INFRASTRUCTURE ESTABLISHMENT 9
Topology Control , Clustering, Time Synchronization, Localization and Positioning,
Sensor Tasking and Control.
UNIT V SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS AND TOOLS 9
Sensor Node Hardware – Berkeley Motes, Programming Challenges, Node-level
software platforms, Node-level Simulators, State-centric programming.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Holger Karl & Andreas Willig, " Protocols And Architectures for Wireless Sensor
Networks" , John Wiley, 2005.
2. Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks- An Information
Processing Approach", Elsevier, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, & Taieb Znati, “Wireless Sensor Networks-
Technology, Protocols, And Applications”, John Wiley, 2007.
2. Anna Hac, “Wireless Sensor Network Designs”, John Wiley, 2003.
10144ECE55 REMOTE SENSING L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I REMOTE SENSING 9
Definition – Components of Remote Sensing – Energy, Sensor, Interacting Body - Active
and Passive Remote Sensing – Platforms – Aerial and Space Platforms – Balloons,
Helicopters, Aircraft and Satellites – Synoptivity and Repetivity – Electro Magnetic
Radiation (EMR) – EMR spectrum – Visible, Infra Red (IR), Near IR, Middle IR, Thermal
IR and Microwave – Black Body Radiation - Planck’s law – Stefan-Boltzman law.
UNIT II EMR INTERACTION WITH ATMOSPHERE AND EARTH MATERIALS 9
Atmospheric characteristics – Scattering of EMR – Raleigh, Mie, Non-selective and
Raman Scattering – EMR Interaction with Water vapour and ozone – Atmospheric
Windows – Significance of Atmospheric windows – EMR interaction with Earth Surface
Materials – Radiance, Irradiance, Incident, Reflected, Absorbed and Transmitted Energy
– Reflectance – Specular and Diffuse Reflection Surfaces- Spectral Signature – Spectral
Signature curves – EMR interaction with water, soil and Earth Surface:Imaging
spectrometry and spectral characteristics.
UNIT III OPTICAL AND MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING 9
Satellites - Classification – Based on Orbits and Purpose – Satellite Sensors -
Resolution – Description of Multi Spectral Scanning – Along and Across Track Scanners
– Description of Sensors in Landsat, SPOT, IRS series – Current Satellites - Radar –
Speckle - Back Scattering – Side Looking Airborne Radar – Synthetic Aperture Radar –
Radiometer – Geometrical characteristics ; Sonar remote sensing systems.
UNIT IV GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM 9
GIS – Components of GIS – Hardware, Software and Organisational Context – Data –
Spatial and Non-Spatial – Maps – Types of Maps – Projection – Types of Projection -
Data Input – Digitizer, Scanner – Editing – Raster and Vector data structures –
Comparison of Raster and Vector data structure – Analysis using Raster and Vector
data – Retrieval, Reclassification, Overlaying, Buffering – Data Output – Printers and
Plotters
UNIT V MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS 9
Visual Interpretation of Satellite Images – Elements of Interpretation - Interpretation Keys
Characteristics of Digital Satellite Image – Image enhancement – Filtering –
Classification - Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing – Application of Remote Sensing
and GIS – Urban Applications- Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing – Application of
Remote Sensing and GIS – Water resources – Urban Analysis – Watershed
Management – Resources Information Systems. Global positioning system – an
introduction.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. M.G. Srinivas(Edited by), Remote Sensing Applications, Narosa Publishing House,
2001. (Units 1 & 2).
2. Anji Reddy, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, BS
Publications 2001 (Units 3, 4 & 5).
REFERENCES
1. Jensen, J.R., Remote sensing of the environment, Prentice Hall, 2000.
2. Kang-Tsung Chang,”Introduction to Geograhic Information Systems”, TMH, 2002
3. Lillesand T.M. and Kiefer R.W., “Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation”, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, 1987.
4. Burrough P A, “Principle of GIS for land resource assessment”, Oxford
5. Mischael Hord, "Remote Sensing Methods and Applications", John Wiley & Sons,
New York, 1986.
6. Singal, "Remote Sensing", Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1990.
7. Floyd F. Sabins, Remote sensing, “Principles and interpretation”, W H Freeman and
Company 1996.
10144ECE56 OPTICAL NETWORKS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I OPTICAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS 9
Light propagation in optical fibers – Loss & bandwidth, System limitations, Non-Linear
effects; Solitons; Optical Network Components – Couplers, Isolators & Circulators,
Multiplexers & Filters, Optical Amplifiers, Switches, Wavelength Converters.
UNIT II OPTICAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURES 9
Introduction to Optical Networks; SONET / SDH, Metropoliton-Area Networks, Layered
Architecture ; Broadcast and Select Networks – Topologies for Broadcast Networks,
Media-Access Control Protocols, Testbeds for Broadcast & Select WDM; Wavelength
Routing Architecture.
UNIT III WAVELENGTH ROUTING NETWORKS 9
The optical layer, Node Designs, Optical layer cost tradeoff, Routing and wavelength
assignment,Virtual topology design, Wavelength Routing Testbeds, Architectural
variations.
UNIT IV PACKET SWITCHING AND ACCESS NETWORKS 9
Photonic Packet Switching – OTDM, Multiplexing and Demultiplexing, Synchronisation,
Broadcast OTDM networks, Switch-based networks; Access Networks – Network
Architecture overview, Future Access Networks, Optical Access Network Architectures;
and OTDM networks.
UNIT V NETWORK DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT 9
Transmission System Engineering – System model, Power penalty - transmitter,
receiver, Optical amplifiers, crosstalk, dispersion; Wavelength stabilization ; Overall
design considerations; Control and Management – Network management functions,
Configuration management, Performance management, Fault management, Optical
safety, Service interface.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOK:
1. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, “Optical Networks : A Practical
Perspective”, Harcourt Asia Pte Ltd., Second Edition 2004.
REFERENCES:
1. C. Siva Ram Moorthy and Mohan Gurusamy, “WDM Optical Networks : Concept,
Design and Algorithms”, Prentice Hall of India, Ist Edition, 2002.
2. P.E. Green, Jr., “Fiber Optic Networks”, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1993.
10144ECE57 WIRELESS NETWORKS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I MULTIPLE RADIO ACCESS 9
Medium Access Alternatives: Fixed-Assignment for Voice Oriented Networks Random
Access for Data Oriented Networks , Handoff and Roaming Support, Security and
Privacy.
UNIT II WIRELESS WANS 9
First Generation Analog, Second Generation TDMA – GSM, Short Messaging Service in
GSM, Second Generation CDMA – IS-95, GPRS - Third Generation Systems
(WCDMA/CDMA 2000)
UNIT III WIRELESS LANS 9
Introduction to wireless LANs - IEEE 802.11 WLAN – Architecture and Services,
Physical Layer- MAC sublayer- MAC Management Sublayer, Other IEEE 802.11
standards, HIPERLAN, WiMax standard.
UNIT IV ADHOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS 9
Characteristics of MANETs, Table-driven and Source-initiated On Demand routing
protocols, Hybrid protocols, Wireless Sensor networks- Classification, MAC and Routing
protocols.
UNIT V WIRELESS MANS AND PANS 9
Wireless MANs – Physical and MAC layer details, Wireless PANs – Architecture of
Bluetooth Systems, Physical and MAC layer details, Standards.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. William Stallings, "Wireless Communications and networks" Pearson / Prentice Hall
of India, 2nd Ed., 2007.
2. Dharma Prakash Agrawal & Qing-An Zeng, “Introduction to Wireless and Mobile
Systems”, Thomson India Edition, 2nd Ed., 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Vijay. K. Garg, “Wireless Communication and Networking”, Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, 2007.
2. Kaveth Pahlavan, Prashant Krishnamurthy, "Principles of Wireless
Networks",Pearson Education Asia, 2002.
3. Gary. S. Rogers & John Edwards, “An Introduction to Wireless Technology”, Pearson
Education, 2007.
4. Clint Smith, P.E. & Daniel Collins, “3G Wireless Networks”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Ed,.
2007.
10144ECE58 TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING AND NETWORKS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I MULTIPLEXING 9
Transmission Systems, FDM Multiplexing and modulation, Time Division Multiplexing,
Digital Transmission and Multiplexing: Pulse Transmission, Line Coding, Binary N-Zero
Substitution, Digital Biphase, Differential Encoding, Time Division Multiplexing, Time
Division Multiplex Loops and Rings, SONET/SDH: SONET Multiplexing Overview,
SONET Frame Formats, SONET Operations, Administration and Maintenance, Payload
Framing and Frequency Justification, Virtual Tributaries, DS3 Payload Mapping, E4
Payload Mapping, SONET Optical Standards, SONET Networks. SONET Rings:
Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring, Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring.
UNIT II DIGITAL SWITCHING 9
Switching Functions, Space Division Switching, Time Division Switching, twodimensional
Switching: STS Switching, TST Switching, No.4 ESS Toll Switch, Digital Cross-Connect
Systems, Digital Switching in an Analog Environment. Elements of SS7 signaling.
UNIT III NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT 9
Timing: Timing Recovery: Phase-Locked Loop, Clock Instability, Jitter Measurements,
Systematic Jitter. Timing Inaccuracies: Slips, Asynchronous Multiplexing, Network
Synchronization, U.S. Network Synchronization, Network Control, Network
Management.
UNIT IV DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER ACCESS 9
ISDN: ISDN Basic Rate Access Architecture, ISDN U Interface, ISDN D Channel
Protocol. High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Loops: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line,
VDSL. Digital Loop Carrier Systems: Universal Digital Loop Carrier Systems, Integrated
Digital Loop Carrier Systems, Next-Generation Digital Loop Carrier, Fiber in the Loop,
Hybrid Fiber Coax Systems, Voice band Modems: PCM Modems, Local Microwave
Distribution Service, Digital Satellite Services.
UNIT V TRAFFIC ANALYSIS 9
Traffic Characterization: Arrival Distributions, Holding Time Distributions, Loss Systems,
Network Blocking Probabilities: End-to-End Blocking Probabilities, Overflow Traffic,
Delay Systems: Exponential service Times, Constant Service Times, Finite Queues.
TOTAL= 45 PERIODS
TEXTBOOKS:
1. J. Bellamy, “Digital Telephony”, John Wiley, 2003, 3rd Edition.
2. JE Flood, “Telecommunications Switching, Traffic and Networks”, Pearson.
REFERENCES:
1. R.A.Thomson, “Telephone switching Systems”, Artech House Publishers, 2000.
2. W. Stalling, “ Data and Computer Communications”, Prentice Hall, 1993.
3. T.N.Saadawi, M.H.Ammar, A.E.Hakeem, “Fundamentals of Telecommunication
Networks”, Wiley Interscience, 1994.
4. W.D. Reeve, “Subscriber Loop Signaling and Transmission Hand book”, IEEE
Press(Telecomm Handbook Series), 1995.
5. Viswanathan. T., “Telecommunication Switching System and Networks”, Prentice
Hall of India Ltd., 1994.

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